People&#39;s task management framework

ABSTRACT

The invention pertains to a system and method for people&#39;s task management developed with the concept of a system adapting to people&#39;s needs as opposed to people adapting to the solutions that were developed to address specific needs. The invention is based on classifying tasks into items produced and items consumed by entities such as individuals, groups of people, businesses and organizations, and then matching the entities based on the consumed items and the produced items, establishing communication paths to facilitate delivery of items from produced entities to consumed entities. The invention also describes a system for developing hierarchies of building blocks starting with the person as the basic building block. Higher level building blocks are formed by establishing alliances with lower level building blocks. Accommodating and streamlining the process of performing the people&#39;s tasks will result in significantly reduced overheads associated with people&#39;s task management.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/292,069, filed Jan. 4, 2010, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention pertains to people's task management, more specifically a system that is adaptable to what people do and to accommodate their tasks.

BACKGROUND

People today are usually required to interact with multiple applications to complete a task. Between using search engines, email, cell phones, social networks, etc., a growing amount of work has gone into the usage of these applications. Each application may perform its function well; nevertheless, one still needs to interact with several of these applications separately in order to complete a task. The disconnected nature of these applications has forced people to adapt to the current situation and form ad hoc connections between them, each with its own associated overhead. Inherently, as the applications multiply, so does the overhead.

These as-needed solutions are problem-centric and developed for specific needs, each with a narrow scope. The problem-centric approach also resulted in multiple solutions to the same problem with some functional variations in the solutions. Some of these are easily available and some are not available to general public and hence a limited number of people use the solution sets. These adaptations may be adequate at best but still do not provide a unified and comprehensive solution.

The following shows some of the common solutions for specific purposes:

Business or personal communications: Gmail, Outlook, Thunderbird, SMS Social or professional networking: Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace, Twitter, IM

Information Search Google, Bing, Yahoo, Dogpile

Voice communications: Landline Phones, Mobile phones, VoIP

E-commerce: Amazon, EBay, Drugstore, Etrade, Paypal, Google Checkout Travel, Food, Entertainment: Expedia, Open Table, Disney, Rentalpro

Event management: Cvent, Regonline, Eventsoft, Ennect, Evite Calendar & time management: Effexis, VIP, Manictime, Outlook, iCal Wiki platforms: Povo.com, Wikipedia.com Project management: Microsoft Project, Ace Project, Easy Projects, Wrike Inventory management: Inflow, Advance Pro, Fishbowl Resource management: VPMi, OpenAir

Usage of multiple applications may also need multiple accounts and passwords. These applications do not integrate seamlessly to provide combined benefit. A combination of these applications also leaves many gaps in accommodating a person's day-to-day tasks. In order to bridge these gaps higher level frameworks are built over existing solutions. For example, Web Services implementing the Service Oriented Architecture make functional building-blocks accessible over standard Internet protocols independent of platforms and programming languages. These services can represent either new applications or just wrappers around existing legacy systems to make them network-enabled. However, while these address some of the drawbacks and offer more flexible mechanisms, these frameworks also inherit most of the constraints and limitations imposed by the problem-centric approach.

For example, the following activities require use of multiple of the above applications and still have many gaps in the process:

Organizing a professional event—this requires identifying, notifying and registering participants, compiling the program activities, inviting and registering attendees, and following and managing the progress before, during and after the event.

Organizing a football tournament for schools within a state—this requires notifying students, forming teams and coaches, organizing practice sessions, scheduling games, tracking winning teams and constantly communicating with the people involved.

A physician starting a private practice in a new location—this requires finding a location, assembling staff, ordering furniture, material and equipment, advertising the practice, registering patients, scheduling appointments, tracking accounting and more.

Therefore, it would be beneficial if there is a people-centric system that adapts to the people's needs in performing day-to-day tasks as opposed to people adapting to the solutions developed around specific perceived problems. It would also be beneficial if such a system allows people to incrementally migrate to the system at their convenience.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Any task of a person can be classified as one of the following:

1. Consuming an item, which can be a goods or a service 2. Producing an item, which can be a goods or a service 3. Formation of an alliance

In addition, any task of an alliance can also be classified as one of the above three.

With the concept of alliance forming an alliance, hierarchies of alliances can be formed. By having the same external representation for both individual persons and for alliances or group of persons, the system developed around these concepts will be infinitely scalable both horizontally and vertically. The system supports the important role of exchanging the information to streamline the performance of the tasks. The system includes the concept of building blocks, person being the basic building block and the alliances being the composite building blocks. Alliances or vertical expansions are achieved by defining parent-child relationships and for horizontal expansions are done through peer-to-peer relationships.

The following are some of the examples indicating how tasks can be divided into produced and consumed items. It is to be noted that the produced items and the consumed items listed for each example are only exemplary and not exhaustive. In addition, it is not necessary to use the system for all the produced and consumed items of an entity and the entity can selectively migrate to the system at its convenience.

Example 1 Comprehensive Building Services Company

Consumes: engineers, architects, material suppliers, construction people Produces: consulting, planning, architecture, construction services

Example 2 Football Coach Forming Football Team

Consumes: Football players Produces: Football team

Example 3 Restaurant

Consumes: receptionist, waiters, cooks, food products, facility Produces: restaurant services

Example 4 A Group of Friends

Consume: friends, recreational activities Produce: None or not applicable

Example 5 Car Dealership

Consumes: New cars (wholesale), car parts, sales staff, service staff Produces: New cars (retail), car services

Example 6

A use case of an exhibition for medical products in a hotel in a hotel conference hall. It is assumed that the hotel provides all the necessary equipment and supplies for the exhibition.

Entity 1: Organizer Consumes: Hotel Services Produces: Exhibitor Services, Attendee Services Entity 2: Hotel Services Consumes: NA

Produces: Conference room, booth building, carpeting, electrical services

Entity 3: Exhibitors

Consumes: Exhibitor services

Produces: NA Entity 4: Attendees

Consumes: Exhibitor services

Consumes: Courses Produces: NA Entity 5: Instructors Consumes: Exhibitor Services Produces: Courses

FIGS. 16 a, 16 b and 16 c show additional details of Example 6.

Example 7

Another use case for a Just in Time Product Manufacturing (JIT Co) and marketing:

Entity 1: JIT Co

Consumes: Material, finishing, temp workers, shipping services

Produces: Products Entity 2: Customer Consumes: Products Produces: NA Entity 3: Temp Co Consumes: NA

Produces: Temp workers

Entity 4: Material Co Consumes: NA

Produces: Material and parts

Entity 5: Finishing Co Consumes: NA Produces: Finishing Services Entity 6: Shipping Co Consumes: NA Produces: Shipping Services

FIGS. 17 a, 17 b and 17 cc show additional details of Example 7.

Example 8 Inventory Management Example Entity 1: Furniture Rental Company

Consumes: Furniture from sales outlets Produces: Furniture rental services

Entity 2: Customer

Consumes: Furniture rental services

Produces: NA

System maintains inventory of products or goods produced or consumed by an entity. When an entity consumes a product, the product's inventory gets decremented by the producing entity and incremented by consuming entity as needed. In cases of businesses such as Furniture Rental Company above, when a customer rents an item, the item's inventory is decremented when rented, and incremented when returned by a customer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 a shows entity relationships as a directed graph with arrows pointing from producers to consumers FIG. 1 b shows a basic building block (BBB or CBB0), which is a person

FIG. 2 shows a composite building block (CBB) formed by the basic building blocks (BBB)

FIG. 3 shows a first degree composite building block (CBB1) formed by the basic building blocks (BBB)

FIG. 4 shows a second degree composite building block (CBB2) formed by CBB1 and optionally CBB0

FIG. 5 shows a sixth degree composite building block (CBB6) formed by CBB5 and optionally CBB4 through CBB0

FIG. 6 shows multiple building blocks connected through a generic task management system (GTMS)

FIG. 7 shows an example of GTMS network for scalability, performance, security and logical functional partitioning

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary high level system architecture

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary logical data model of the system

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary sequence diagram of submitting form data

FIG. 11 shows an exemplary sequence diagram of notification subscription

FIG. 12 shows an exemplary sequence diagram of updating status of a goods or service

FIG. 13 shows an exemplary sequence diagram of triggering mechanism for timed tasks

FIG. 14 shows an exemplary sequence diagram of event bus processing

FIG. 15 is an illustration of a linked calendar management

FIG. 16 a shows entity an exemplary entity diagram of the exhibition use case in Example 6

FIG. 16 b and FIG. 16 c show an exemplary activity diagram of the exhibition use case in Example 6

FIG. 17 a shows an exemplary entity diagram of the just-in-time manufacturing use case in example 7

FIG. 17 b and FIG. 17 c show an exemplary activity diagram of the just-in-time manufacturing use case in Example 7

DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following definitions are used to describe the invention presented:

Task: Activity performed in the form of message and data exchange to facilitate delivery of an item from its producing entity to its consuming entity. BBB: Basic building block, which is a person. CBB: Composite building block formed with a combination of basic or other composite building blocks. CBBn: Composite building block with degree n, where n is an integer>=0. The hierarchies in a composite building block may be formed by defining parent-child relationships. Entity: A single person, a group of people, a business, an organization or an institution. Each building block is an entity. Parent-child relationship: If entity X depends on, owned by or is controlled by another entity Y for its functioning, then the entity X is a child of entity Y. This is similar to employee-employer relationship. A child can have multiple parents, which is similar to an employee working part time for two employers. This is usually a long-term relationship. Hierarchies of alliances are formed by parent-child relationships. Peer-to-peer relationship: If the relationship is not parent-child relationship it is peer-to-peer relationship. The system expands horizontally with peer-to-peer relationships. Peer-to-peer relationships may be graphically represented as directed graphs with arrows pointing from producing entity to consuming entity. These can be a long term, short term or temporary relationships. GTMS: Generic task management system. All the entities or the building blocks communicate through a GTMS and it maintains relationships, facilitates effective communications between all the entities involved and provides necessary functionality for the operation of the system. Child entity: An entity or a building block contained in a CBB and the relationship between the two is parent-child relationship. Parent entity: A container entity of a child entity. A child entity can have multiple parent entities.

A person's or entity's activities can be broadly categorized and listed as follows:

1. Consumes Items

-   -   1.1. Search for producing entities based on requirements.     -   1.2. Selection from the available producing entities.     -   1.3. Exchange data with the producing entities and receive the         items.     -   1.4. Optionally announcing for the items needed.     -   1.5. Scheduling, organizing and monitoring items of interest.     -   1.6. Specifying the dependency between items if exists.

2. Produces Items

-   -   2.1. Create Items being offered.     -   2.2. Publish item details (including status, lead time, item         type, and other specific data).     -   2.3. Acknowledge or accept consumers.     -   2.4. Exchange data with consumers and supply the items.     -   2.5. Optionally advertise items as needed.     -   2.6. Optionally get feedback and rating from the consumers.

3. Forms Alliances

-   -   3.1. Adjoin entities representing each alliance.     -   3.2. Create an entity representing each alliance.

Building Blocks of the System:

A person consumes items, produces items or does both. Person is the basic building block of the system. Conceptually, the basic building block shown in FIG. 1 has the following components:

Head is interface and defines identity and specific behavior and data about the building block.

Producing Arm with 0 or more instances, each instance producing a different item. Consuming Arm with 0 or more instances, each instance consuming a different item.

Multiple people independently consume items produced by others, and produce items for consumption by others. The basic building blocks can function independently.

The basic building blocks can also form an alliance and become a composite building block (CBB). This is similar to a group of people forming a business. Then the alliance as a whole becomes capable of producing, consuming or both, and can be viewed as having characteristics of the basic building block. This means the composite building block will have a head, producing and consuming arms just like the basic building block.

Tree structure: One of the ways of representing the alliance concept is using a tree structure. Typically organizations function like a tree structure having certain depth. The degree of a composite block is defined as the maximum depth of the composite block to the leaf level basic building blocks. The degree of BBB is 0 (zero), which can also be denoted as CBB0. The degree of a CBB is one more than the highest degree of the building blocks the CBB is composed of. A composite building block with any degree will have a Head, Producing and Consuming arms similar to BBB. All the building blocks communicate with the GTMS for their functioning, which means a CBB communicating with the GTMS also means all the building blocks within the CBB also communicate with GTMS. There can be peer-to-peer relationships within an alliance, which is similar to multiple departments reporting to the same manager may all be having peer-to-peer communications.

In practice, a larger organization can be represented with a CBB of a higher degree. For example, an organization with several divisions, subdivisions, departments, teams and individuals can be represented by a CBB5 with individuals at CBB0, teams at CBB1, departments at CBB2, subdivisions at CBB3, the divisions at CBB4 and the organization at CBB5.

Directed graph structure: Peer-to-peer relationships between entities can be represented as a directed graph, arrows between the entities pointing from producing entity to consuming entity. Each arrow represents an item.

The GTMS could also be a network of multiple systems to balance the load, increase the response time and to accommodate needed security through suitable partitioning of the systems. An organization may want to shield its traffic from the rest of the world, in which case a separate GTMS server farm could be used to manage all the internal tasks and have controlled access from outside, while having full access to the outside system.

FIG. 1 depicts the basic building block or BBB, which is a person. This can also be represented as a composite building block of degree 0 or CBB0. The basic building block has a head 10, one or more instances of consuming arm 12, and one or more instances of producing arm 14. Head is the interface to the system and also provides specific identity and behavior. Every task performed by a person can be classified as an item produced or an item consumed.

FIG. 2 shows a composite building block, CBB, with four basic building blocks. The CBB also has a head 16, zero or more instances of consuming arms 18, and zero or more of producing arms 20. Externally, the composite building block, CBB, looks exactly the same as the basic building block BBB and hence the manner of interacting with the CBB is the same as that of BBB. Since the CBB is composed of BBB entries or CBB0 entries, the degree of the CBB is 1 so it is represented as CBB1. Also, there may not be any relationship between the consuming arms and producing arms of the child entries of a CBB and its own consuming arms and producing arms. For example, a CBB may consume items produced by its child entities and produce entirely different items. FIG. 3 shows a simpler representation of CBB1 shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 illustrates a CBB of degree 2 or CBB2 since the highest degree of its child entries is 1. CBB2 interacts with CBB0 entries and CBB1 entries in the same manner. Externally, the CBB1 has a head 16 along with its consumption arms 18 and production arms 20.

FIG. 5 shows a CBB of degree 6, CBB6, since the highest degree of its child entries is 5. Note that it is not necessary to have all the lower degree CBB entries. In this example, CBB2 and CBB4 are missing. The CBB6 also has a head 16, consuming arms 18 and producing arms 20.

FIG. 6 illustrates a generic task management system, GTMS 22 communicating with five other entities of different degrees. Note that the communication channels are logical paths. All the entities of a CBB along with grandchildren down to the basic building blocks directly communicate with the GTMS to perform their tasks effectively. Any entity may be able to communicate with any entity of any degree through the GTMS. In addition, any entity may have the ability to restrict access to other entities.

FIG. 7 shows a distributed GTMS network. Multiple GTMS systems 22 can cooperate and provide services with improved quality. A GTMS can also be partitioned for providing controlled access. Entities from a public network may not be able to access entities in a private GTMS network; however, the private GTMS may be able to access entities in the public network.

In order to support effective task management, the system also includes the following:

-   -   1. A search mechanism to find entities producing the items of         interest using various search criteria. Users can select and         interact with the entities found.     -   2. Publishing or advertising of items by the producing entities         so that the interested consumers of the items can find and         interact with the producing entities.     -   3. Provide persistent communication paths as needed between         consumers and producers towards streamlining data and message         exchange.     -   4. Execution of selective tasks in a predetermined sequence         using pre or post task executing conditions.     -   5. Allows communication paths over the Internet, mobile phones         and other available communication means.     -   6. Provide business intelligence queries, report generation and         activity history recall by recording such fields as the         producing entity, consuming entity, purpose, time and location.         This also eliminates mundane bookkeeping or repetitive action         overheads, since the system keeps track of all the pertinent         information.     -   7. Allows to be used independently in a private network such as         a large organization for its internal use to streamline task         management.     -   8. The system connects the consumer side calendar with the         producer side calendar for the scheduled tasks and interacts         with all the entities involved when there are additions,         modifications or deletions of tasks in order to smoothly         accommodate the changes. This mechanism also accommodates         several dependent tasks to be scheduled easily and help track         the progress in real time.     -   9. Identify consumers or producers based on specific locations.         The system is also effective when the users or their service         locations change.     -   10. Offers E-commerce by providing reliable and secure         transactions as needed.     -   11. Provides flexible notification mechanism, whereby users can         define parameters and expressions for notification criteria.     -   12. Includes inventory management and resource management.     -   13. The system allows sharing a selective portion of entity         specific data with other selected entities as needed.

Embodiments of the invention provide a system having a novel solution to people's task management. FIG. 8 depicts the high level system architecture. User Interface Tier 500 consists of standard internet browsers 100 and custom applications 105 for mobile and internet devices. These are the primary front-end components allowing communication between the entities and the system. The user interface tier communicates with Web Services tier 505 using HTTP/HTTPS protocol. Web Services Tier 505 hosts the Secure Web Application Server 110 that allows secure HTTPS connections to the Application Services Tier 510, the Web Application Server 115 that allows regular HTTP connection to the Application Services Tier, Secure Web Reports Server 120 that is used for report generation, Mobile Phone Locator 122 determines the current location of a mobile phone by interacting with mobile service providers and mobile device manager 125 that provides mobile user context for the rest of the components. The Web Services tier communicates with the Application Services tier 510 using XML/HTTP protocol. Optionally, surrounded by two firewalls, one restricting access from the internet, and the other restricting access to the application services tier, the system creates a demilitarized zone. This tier can be scalable independent of the rest of the tiers.

Application Services Tier 510 consists of Ecommerce Server 130 that allows secure financial transactions through external payment gateways using SOAP, Status Server 135 that handles the task management logic of the system with the help of Timed Tasks Server 140, Notification Server 145, Communications Server 150 and Event Bus 155. Accessible by the trusted servers of the web services tier, allowing access through XML over HTTP/HTTPS ports. This tier is computationally intensive and independently scalable.

Persistence Tier 515 allows for persistence of system data such as Entity Data 160, Location Data 162, Notification Data 165, Archive Data 170 and Activity Log 185. Access to the persistence tier is through JDBC protocol.

Integration Tier 520 hosts the Mobile Network 175 that allows connectivity with various mobile network providers and Partner Interfaces 180 that allows integration with third-party task management applications. The Integration tier communicates with Web Services tier using SOAP protocol.

Status Server 135 carries out the core logic of searching entities based on attributes whose values are time and location bound. In other words, every search may involve a time range, which defaults, for example, to a time range of begin-time=“now” and end-time=“now+15 minutes.” Optionally, a search may involve geographical location of an entity. Status Server also carries-out attribute updates by entities, which may be effective over a time-range, which defaults to begin-time=“now” and end-time=“now+15 minutes.” Temporal search of entities based on attribute values over a period of time is accomplished by in-memory indexing of attribute values over time-range. The indexing will be kept manageable and efficient by remembering time-ranges that are current and in the future. An attribute's value over past range will be removed at the time of update. At the time of entity attribute value update, status server will also check for any pending item requests for the entity. If there are any, the status server evaluates such item requests and if any of them results in a success, posts a notification event to the Event Bus 155 for further processing by Notification Server 145.

Timed Tasks Server 140 is an enterprise task scheduling server, supporting the status server for scheduling time-based notification tasks. When the timer for a scheduled task expires, timed task server makes a callback to Status Server 135 with enough information regarding the task. Status server then performs the task, which may result in evaluating a specific item request and potentially notifying the interested entity. Notifying the interested entity is accomplished by posting a notification event on the Event Bus 155.

Notification Server 145 picks up and processes notification events from the Event Bus 155. When the Event Bus is empty, the Notification Server stays idle. When a notification event gets successfully posted from the Event Bus, the Notification Server composes the notification message and sends out the notification message to the interested entity through Communications Server 150.

Communications Server 150 is used to deliver messages to the recipients through various communications channels, such as phone, fax or email.

Event Bus 155 is the communication channel between the Status Server and the Notification Server. Whenever Status Server 135 needs to send a notification to an interested entity, Status Server posts a notification event that has enough information about the message and the interested entity, to the Event Bus. Notification Server 145 picks up the notification event, constructs the notification message, and sends it to the Communications Server 150 for delivery.

Location Data 162 is a geographic information system (GIS) that indexes the items based on their location coordinates and allows searching of items relative to their geographical position.

FIG. 9 depicts the logical data model of the system. Entity 200 consists of a name and a set of attributes where each attribute is a name 250, value/s 255 pair where the value/s are over a range of time. The default attribute value/s may be specified using attribute-value-patterns 260. An entity may be associated with a location 275 that captures the geographical coordinates and address.

An entity may be associated with a collection of other entities known as produced 205 entities and consumed 210 entities. An entity may also be associated with forms 230 that allow interaction between the producer and the consumer. Forms are composed of zero or more form-fields 235. An entity may also be associated with item requests 215 that allow descriptions of items. The basic function of an item request is to identify matching items based on the item description.

Attribute Class 245 is used to classify attribute/value pairs of an entity into groups based on business criteria. Attribute Name 250 contains the name and type of an attribute that can have zero or more attribute values associated with it. Attribute Value 255 is the actual value of an attribute over a period of time.

Attribute Value Pattern 260 is organized by effective date and defines the default values for an attribute over a period as defined in a Time Pattern 265. For example, one can specify daily, weekly or monthly default values that can be used repetitively.

Time Pattern 265 specifies the time pattern, such as daily, weekly or monthly. The Default Values 270 thus specified are used repeatedly daily, weekly or monthly respectively.

The values of an attribute can be specified by the producing entity indirectly through a default value pattern or directly by overriding the default value. The consumer can view the effective value in real time.

Default Value 270 specifies the default value of an attribute over a period of time. If an actual value of an attribute for a given period of time is absent, the system will use the default value, if any, that is applicable for the attribute over that specific period of time.

Location 275 captures the address and geographical coordinates of entities allowing geographic location based search. The geographical coordinates of an address can be obtained by querying public geographical information systems (GIS). Items can be searched by considering user's current location or a specified location. The search results depict services, products, events which are closer to the specified location. A location request can be launched by the Mobile Phone Locator 122 to figure out the current location information of a particular user. Mobile Phone Locator sends a request to the user's mobile or mobile network which in turn responds back with its location. The location can be a close approximation of user's mobile geographical position as detected by a satellite or cell tower. Once the response is received, the system interacts with the location data (GIS) 162 to search for needed items.

Produced 205 associates two entities, one as producing entity and the other as an item produced. The relationship between the producing entity and the item may be effective over a period of time. Producing entity can specify when the item is available for consumption. Producing entity can keep track of who is interested in the item produced.

Similarly, Consumed 210 associates two entities, one as a consuming entity and the other as item. Consumed is used to determine and generate the appointment calendar of the consumer and the delivery schedule of the producer. Any change such as cancellation of consumption is notified to the consuming entity and/or the producing entity and the calendars of the consuming entity and the producing entity may reflect the change automatically.

Item Request 215 is a named piece of Parameter Name 220, Value 225 pairs that defines an entity's item request. An item request can be used to search for a list of matching items that an entity is interested in. It is also used to notify interested entities based on the conditions specified in the item request.

Item Request can also be used to specify items of interest such as a request for proposal (RFP) to which interested producing entities can respond.

Form 230 is a named collection of Field 235, Value 240 pairs that defines a form associated with an entity. Form has a specified group, so that every entity that submits the form gets added to that group. Form also can be either published or not. Multiple forms belonging to a single entity are ordered for presentation purposes using the order attribute of the form. The System provides a library of predefined forms for user convenience.

Field 235 is a collection of attributes such as Label, FieldType, Input, Password, Inventory and Order that are used to define a Form Field. Multiple fields belonging to a single form are ordered for presentation purposes using the order attribute of the field.

Field Value 240 associates the value/s entered by an entity with the field belonging to a form.

FIG. 10 shows submit form mechanism. When an entity 200 submits a form through the web, the web application 115 validates the form data and submits the form data to the status server 135. Status server stores the form data in the data store 515, adds the submitting entity to the group associated with the group of the form and posts a notification event for the entity that owns the form in context.

FIG. 11 shows subscription for notification. When entity subscribes for notification through the web, the status server 135 does the following:

1. Creates an item request 215 on behalf of the subscribing entity and saves it in the data store 515. 2. Checks to see if the item request is time based. If true, schedules a timed event in the Timed Tasks Server 145 to evaluate the item request at a specified time in the future. Else, the server figures out the next change in each of item request's attribute's default value in the near future, and schedules a timed event in the timed tasks server to evaluate the item request at that specific time in the future.

The item requests are evaluated whenever an entity manually updates any attribute of an item. Apart from that, item requests must also be evaluated whenever an attribute change happens due to the default load pattern. To handle the automatic attribute change scenario, every time an item request is added, a timed task to evaluate the item requests at the next automatic attribute change is also scheduled.

FIG. 12 shows Update Item mechanism. When an entity updates any of its produced and published entity's attribute value/s, the status server does the following:

1. Saves the attribute value change in the data store 515. 2. Checks to see if there are any pending item requests associated with the produced entity. 3. For each pending item request, the status server does the following:

-   -   A. Evaluate the item request.     -   B. If the evaluation results in true, then post a notification         event on the event bus 155 and delete the item request from the         produced entity.

FIG. 13 shows the Triggering Mechanism for Timed Tasks. When the timed task server 140 triggers a previously scheduled timed event, the timed task server calls back Status Server 135 to evaluate the relevant item request. Status Server evaluates the item request and if the evaluation results in true, posts the notification event on the event bus 155 and removes the item request from its associated produced item.

FIG. 14 shows the Event Bus Processing. When a notification event gets posted on the Event Bus 155, Notification Server 145 picks up the event, constructs the relevant message and sends it to the Communications Server 150 for delivery to the interested entity. The notification event contains the source entity, the destination entity and other relevant notification data.

The above description is illustrative and not restrictive. Many variations of the invention will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon review of this disclosure. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but instead should be determined with reference to the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents. 

1. A system for people's task management using a plurality of entities, wherein the entities can be basic entities or composite entities, the system comprising: a network, user computing devices, wherein each user computing device is connected to the network; a task management computing device, connected to the network, wherein the task management computing device comprises instructions for: presenting a user interface to the user computing devices, wherein the user interface is configured to create and operate a plurality of entities on the task management computing device, wherein each of the plurality of entities further comprises means for forming an alliance using predetermined protocols of one or more of the entities of the plurality of entities, and further comprises means for forming a composite entity comprising the entities within the alliance; wherein each of the plurality of entities has a unique identification, entity specific data, zero or more produced items, and zero or more consumed items, where each of the produced items and the consumed items represents a goods or a service, wherein the task management computing device has means for establishing a communication path between the entity of an item of the produced items and at least one of the consuming entities of the item of the produced items, the system having a plurality of tasks performed by two or more entities of the plurality of entities, wherein each task of the plurality of tasks comprises exchanging data to facilitate delivery of an item under predetermined conditions from the item's producing entity to one of the item's consuming entities using the communication path established between the producing entity and the consuming entity.
 2. The system of claim 1, where an entity represents a person, a group of people, a business, an organization or an institution.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more entities of the plurality of entities comprises means for creating one or more forms or means for modifying existing forms, wherein each form is used for publishing an item produced for consumption by the other entities, requesting items produced by the other entities for consumption, or requesting formation of an alliance from one or more of the other entities; wherein each form has one or more form fields, each form field comprising a field name and one or more values, wherein the field name comprises one or more attributes, each attribute is selected from the group consisting of number, string, bitmap, video data, image, date, time, audio data, password, input, inventory, visible, searchable, label and private.
 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for matching one or more of the plurality of entities with another of the plurality of entities using at least one predetermined matching condition.
 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising an activity logging mechanism wherein the activity logging mechanism comprises means for recording predetermined activities in the system, each activity comprising one or more fields from the group consisting of producing entity, consuming entity, activity, date and time of the activity and the nature of the activity, thereby allowing queries for report generation, history recall or business intelligence gathering.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein each entity of the plurality of entities comprises means for scheduling execution of one or more of the plurality of tasks associated with the entity's produced items and consumed items using pre execution or post execution conditions, thereby allowing one or more tasks to be performed in a predetermined sequence.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the entries of the plurality of entities comprises a task management calendar for tracking the scheduled tasks and maintaining links to the associated entities of the scheduled tasks, thereby indicating the current status of the scheduled tasks and accommodating any changes made to the tasks.
 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for generating notifications when one or more predefined notification conditions are met, whereby the entities can receive notifications, send notifications or execute tasks based on the notifications.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality of entities further comprises means for managing inventory for one or more produced items or consumed items, wherein the means of managing inventory comprises incrementing the inventory for each of the items when the item is produced and decrementing the inventory when the item is consumed.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality of entities further comprises means of contact management, wherein entity contact data can be maintained and retrieved using entity matching criteria.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the task management computing device further comprises means for limiting the size of a composite entity of the plurality of entities by using a size limiting condition, wherein the size limiting condition is selected from the group consisting of total number of entries, total number of tasks performed and the depth of the hierarchy associated with the alliance.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the unique identification of each of the plurality of entities comprises location data, thereby allowing the system to offer location based services.
 13. The system of claim 1, wherein each entity of the plurality of entities comprising means for performing e-commerce.
 14. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality entities comprises means for sharing a selective portion of the entity specific data with selective entities of another of the plurality of entities.
 15. A system for people's task management, the system comprising: a network, user computing devices, wherein each user computing device is connected to the network; a task management computing device connected to the network, wherein the task management computing device comprises instructions for: presenting a user interface to the user computing devices, wherein the user interface is configured to allow users to create and operate a plurality of entities on the task management computing device, wherein each entity of the plurality of entities represents a basic entity or a composite entity, which is an alliance of entities, each of the plurality of entities having a unique identification, zero or more produced items, and zero or more consumed items, each of the produced items and the consumed items representing a product or a service, each of the plurality of entities having means for establishing one or more communication paths with one or more other of the plurality of entities, the system having a plurality of tasks performed by two or more entities of the plurality of entities, wherein each task of the plurality of tasks comprises exchanging data to facilitate delivery of an item under predetermined conditions from the item's producing entity to one of the item's consuming entities using the communication path established between the producing entity and the consuming entity, the task management computing device further comprising means for matching one or more of the producing entities with one or more of the consuming entities from the plurality of entities using at least one predetermined matching condition, at least one entity of the plurality of entities comprising means for scheduling execution of one or more of the plurality of tasks associated with the entity's produced and consumed items using at least one predetermined execution condition, thereby allowing one or more tasks to be performed in a predetermined sequence, the system further comprising means for generating notifications when one or more predetermined notification conditions are met, whereby the entities can receive notifications, send notifications or execute tasks based on the notifications.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of entities further comprises means for forming an alliance using predetermined protocols with one or more of the entities of the plurality of entities; the system further comprises a means of forming a composite entity with the alliance having a unique identification, zero or more consumed items and zero or more produced items.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the composite entity comprises means for forming a hierarchy of entities.
 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising an activity logging mechanism wherein the activity logging mechanism comprises means for recording predetermined activities in the system, each activity comprising one or more fields from the group consisting of producing entity, consuming entity, activity, date and time of the activity and the nature of the activity, thereby allowing queries for report generation, history recall or business intelligence gathering.
 19. The system of claim 15, wherein at least one of the entries of the plurality of entities comprises a task management calendar for tracking the scheduled tasks and maintaining links to the associated entities of the scheduled tasks, thereby indicating the current status of the scheduled tasks and accommodating any changes made to the tasks.
 20. The system of claim 15, wherein one of more entities of the plurality of entities further comprises means for managing inventory for one or more produced items or consumed items if the items are goods, wherein the means of managing inventory comprises incrementing the inventory for each of the items when the item is produced and decrementing the inventory when the item is consumed.
 21. The system of claim 15, further comprising means of partitioning entities of the plurality of entities into multiple partitions, thereby implementing access controls between the partitions.
 22. The system of claim 15, further comprising a database for storing persistent data, wherein the persistent data is selected from the group consisting of entity data, activity data and notification data.
 23. The system of claim 15, wherein the network is selected from the group consisting of a wired network, a wireless network, a public network and a private network.
 24. A method of people's task management over a network of computing devices, the method comprising using a computer to perform the steps of: creating a plurality of entities, each of the plurality of entities having a unique identification and entity specific data, zero or more produced items, and zero or more consumed items, wherein each of the produced items and the consumed items representing a goods or a service; establishing a communication path between the entity of an item of the produced items and at least one of the consuming entities of the item of the produced items, performing a plurality of tasks by two or more entities of the plurality of entities, wherein each task of the plurality of tasks comprising exchanging data to facilitate delivery of an item under predetermined conditions from the item's producing entity to one of the item's consuming entities using the communication path established between the producing entity and the consuming entity, enabling each of the plurality of entities to form an alliance using predetermined protocols with one or more of the other entities of the plurality of entities, enabling formation of an entity with the alliance having a unique identification and zero or more consumed items and zero or more produced items, each entity comprising means for finding one or more consuming entities for any of the entity's produced items and the entity comprising means for finding one or more producing entities for any of the entity's consumed items using predetermined item matching criteria, scheduling execution of one or more of the plurality of tasks associated with an entity's produced and consumed items using predetermined execution conditions, thereby allowing one or more tasks to be performed in a predetermined sequence; the method further comprising generating notifications when predefined notification conditions are met, whereby the entities can receive, send notifications or execute tasks based on the notifications.
 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising enabling activity logging, wherein the activity logging mechanism comprises recording predetermined activities in the system, each activity comprising one or more fields from the group consisting of the producing entity identification, the consuming entity identification, date and time of the activity and the type of the activity, thereby allowing queries for report generation, history recall or business intelligence gathering.
 26. The method of claim 24, wherein each entity of the plurality of entries maintains a task management calendar for tracking the scheduled tasks and having references to the associated entities of the scheduled tasks, thereby indicating the current status of the scheduled tasks and accommodating any changes made to the tasks.
 27. The method of claim 24, wherein one or more entities of the plurality of entities manage inventory for one or more produced items or consumed items if the items are goods, wherein managing inventory comprises incrementing the inventory for a selected item when the item is produced and decrementing the inventory when the item is consumed.
 28. The method of claim 24, wherein at least one of the entity of the plurality of entities manages contacts of the entity, whereby entity contact data can be maintained by using sorting and searching criteria for entities of interest.
 29. The method of claim 24, wherein performing one or more of the tasks of the plurality of tasks comprises e-commerce.
 30. The method of claim 24, wherein at least one entity of the plurality of entities shares a selective portion of its entity specific data with one or more other entities of the plurality of entities.
 31. A system for people's task management over a network of computing devices, wherein the system comprising: a means to create and operate a plurality of entities, wherein each of the plurality of entities has a unique identification, entity specific data, zero or more produced items, and zero or more consumed items, where each of the produced items and the consumed items represents a goods or a service, wherein the system has a means for establishing a communication path between the entity of an item of the produced items and at least one of the consuming entities of the item of the produced items, the system further comprising a means for matching one or more of the producing entities with one or more of the consuming entities from the plurality of entities using at least one predetermined matching condition, the system having a plurality of tasks performed by two or more entities of the plurality of entities, wherein each task of the plurality of tasks comprises exchanging data to facilitate delivery of an item under predetermined conditions from the item's producing entity to one of the item's consuming entities using the communication path established between the producing entity and the consuming entity, the system further comprising means for generating notifications when one or more predefined notification conditions are met, whereby the entities can receive notifications, send notifications or execute tasks based on the notifications, at least one of the entries of the plurality of entities comprising a means for tracking the scheduled tasks and maintaining links to the associated entities of the scheduled tasks, thereby indicating the current status of the scheduled tasks and accommodating any changes made to the tasks.
 32. The system of claim 31, further comprises a means for forming an alliance of one or more of the entities of the plurality of entities using predetermined protocols, the system further comprises a means for forming a composite entity comprising the entities within the alliance, wherein the composite entity having a unique identification, zero or more consumed items and zero or more produced items. 